We attempted a complete review of the empirical literature on effects of roads and traffic on
animal abundance and distribution. We found 79 studies, with results for 131 species and 30 …

Habitat use can be characterized by resource selection functions (RSFs) that are
proportional to the probability of an area being used by an animal. We highlight two …

Roads are a widespread and increasing feature of most landscapes. We reviewed the
scientific literature on the ecological effects of roads and found support for the general …

Humans have spread an enormous net over the land. As the largest human artifact on earth,
this vast, nearly five million mile (8 million km) road network used by a quarter billion …

Theory predicts that small populations may be driven to extinction by random fluctuations in
demography and loss of genetic diversity through drift. However, population size is a poor …

Human-wildlife conflict is a major issue in conservation. As people encroach into natural
habitats, and as conservation efforts restore wildlife to areas where they may have been …

To understand modern principles of sustainable management and the conservation of
wildlife species requires intimate knowledge about demography, animal behavior, and …

Large carnivores are frequently presented as saviours of biodiversity and ecosystem
functioning through their creation of trophic cascades, an idea largely based on studies …

Ecology is characterized by a rapidly growing complexity and diversity of facts, aspects,
examples, and observations. What is badly needed is the development of common patterns …

The prevailing view of a wolf (Canis lupus) pack is that of a group of individuals ever vying
for dominance but held in check by the" alpha" pair, the alpha male and alpha female. Most …