Bone regeneration repairs bone tissue lost due to trauma, fractures, and tumors, or absent
due to congenital disorders. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate dynamic bio …

Despite considerable advances in microsurgical techniques over the past decades, bone
tissue remains a challenging arena to obtain a satisfying functional and structural restoration …

Engineered skin substitutes derived from human skin significantly reduce inflammatory
reactions mediated by foreign/artificial materials and are consequently easier to use for …

Cerebral vessels are composed of highly complex structures that facilitate blood perfusion
necessary for meeting the high energy demands of the brain. Their geometrical complexities …

Collagen forms fibrous networks that reinforce tissues and provide an extracellular matrix for
cells. These networks exhibit remarkable strain-stiffening properties that tailor the …

Additively manufactured scaffolds offer significant potential for treating bone defects, owing
to their porous, customizable architecture and functionalization capabilities. Although …

Collagens serve essential mechanical functions throughout the body, particularly in the
connective tissues. In articular cartilage, collagens provide most of the biomechanical …

Bone organoids, which simulate and construct special organs in vitro with complex
biological functions based on tissue engineering technology, provide dramatically realistic …

The bone, being an essential tissue in the human body, not only protects the organs inside
the body but also provides mechanical support, haematopoiesis, mineral storage and …

The muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) forms a complex network of collagens, proteoglycans,
and other proteins that produce a favorable environment for muscle regeneration, protect the …