Despite tremendous successes in the field of antibiotic discovery seen in the previous
century, infectious diseases have remained a leading cause of death. More specifically …

Gram-negative bacteria and their complex cell envelope, which comprises an outer
membrane and an inner membrane, are an important and attractive system for studying the …

Collective antibiotic drug resistance is a global threat, especially with respect to Gram-
negative bacteria. The low permeability of the bacterial outer cell wall has been identified as …

Mechanotransduction, the conversion of mechanical stimuli into electrical signals, is a
fundamental process underlying essential physiological functions such as touch and pain …

Antibiotic-resistant isolates of Salmonella enterica were selected on plates containing lethal
concentrations of rifampicin, kanamycin, and nalidixic acid. The stability of the resistance …

Fluoroquinolones (FQs), the group of broad spectrum antimicrobials, are frequently detected
in different environmental compartments, mostly due to incomplete metabolism in the target …

Cell envelope plays a dual role in the life of bacteria by simultaneously protecting it from a
hostile environment and facilitating access to beneficial molecules. At the heart of this ability …

Gram-negative bacteria can resist antibiotics by changing the permeability via their outer
membrane. These bacteria have a complex cell envelope that incorporates an outer …

The double-membrane cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria is a sophisticated barrier
that facilitates the uptake of nutrients and protects the organism from toxic compounds. An …

The transport of small molecules across membranes is essential for the import of nutrients
and other energy sources into the cell and, for the export of waste and other potentially …