Coated stents are defined as innovative stents surrounded by a thin polymer membrane
based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) useful in the treatment of numerous vascular …

Cervical carotid and vertebral artery traumatic injuries can have a devastating natural
history. This article reviews the epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, clinical presentation …

Objective: Vertebro-vertebral arteriovenous fistulae (VVFs) are a rare disorder characterized
by a direct shunt between the extracranial vertebral artery and the veins of the vertebral …

Background Vertebral-venous fistulas (VVFs) are rare. Scarce literature exists to guide our
understanding and management. We report our experience and propose a classification …

The history of vascular anatomy of the spinal cord and spine began in the late 19th century.
With recent advances in endovascular and surgical treatment of vascular lesions of the …

Pediatric pial arteriovenous shunts in the brain and spine are challenging to understand
because of low incidence, variable presentation, and associations with genetic syndromes …

Background: Vertebro-vertebral fistulas (VVF) are rare. Anatomically, they consist of an
arteriovenous fistula, a direct pathological communication between vertebral veins …

Vertebrovertebral arteriovenous fistula is an uncommon vascular disease with no clear
management guidelines. It is most commonly caused by iatrogenic injury. We have …

Purpose: To report a case of vertebral arteriovenous fistula (VAVF) caused by iatrogenic
trauma of central venous catheterization (CVC) involving brachiocephalic vein (BCV). Case …

Introduction and importance Direct vertebrovertebral fistulas (VVFs) involving the V3
segment of the vertebral artery (VA) are rare. Endovascular treatment (EVT) can be used to …