Mutualisms are ubiquitous in nature despite the widely held view that they are unstable
interactions. Models predict that mutualists might often evolve into parasites, can abandon …

Lichens and the partners from three different kingdoms are both taxonomically and
physiologically a very diverse group, which makes them interesting from both ecological and …

Throughout the natural world, organisms have responded to predators, inadequate
resources, or inclement conditions by forming ongoing mutually beneficial partnerships--or …

A review of algal (including cyanobacterial) symbionts associated with lichen-forming fungi
is presented. General aspects of their biology relevant to lichen symbioses are summarized …

Both the establishment and outcomes of plant-fungus symbioses can be influenced by
abiotic factors, the interplay of fungal and plant genotypes, and additional microbes …

Lichens are symbioses between fungi (mycobionts) and photoautotrophic green algae or
cyanobacteria (photobionts). Many lichens occupy large distributional ranges covering …

Understanding how fungal endophyte communities differ in abundance, diversity, taxonomic
composition, and host affinity over the geographic ranges of their hosts is key to …

Ramalina farinacea is an epiphytic fruticose lichen that is relatively abundant in areas with
Mediterranean, subtropical or temperate climates. Little is known about photobiont diversity …

The Verrucariaceae (Ascomycota) is a family of mostly lichenized fungi with a unique
diversity of algal symbionts, including some algae that are rarely or never associated with …

Resource recovery and recycling of urban wastewater have become essential due to rapidly
depleting water resources. Here, a newly isolated cyanobacterium Pseudoscillatoria coralii …