Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are complicated metabolic diseases that affect multiple
organs and are characterized by hyperglycaemia. Currently, stable and effective treatments …

PI3Ks regulate several key events in the inflammatory response to damage and infection.
There are four Class I PI3K isoforms (PI3Kα, β, γ, δ), three Class II PI3K isoforms (PI3KC2α …

The initial discovery that ob/ob mice become obese because of a recessive mutation of the
leptin gene has been crucial to discover the melanocortin pathway to control appetite. In the …

Summary Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) plays critical roles in both mitochondrial fusion and the
establishment of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interactions. Hypothalamic ER …

The central nervous system (CNS) controls food intake and energy expenditure via tight
coordinations between multiple neuronal populations. Specifically, two distinct neuronal …

With the steady rise in the prevalence of obesity and its associated diseases, research
aimed at understanding the mechanisms that regulate and control whole body energy …

In November 1955, Geoffrey Harris published a paper based on the Christian A Herter
Lecture he had given earlier that year at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA …

The molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal leptin and insulin resistance in obesity and
diabetes remain unclear. Here we show that induction of the unfolded protein response …

Cloned in 1994, the ob gene encodes the protein hormone leptin, which is produced and
secreted by white adipose tissue. Since its discovery, leptin has been found to have …

Since the discovery of leptin in 1994, we now have a better understanding of the cellular and
molecular mechanisms underlying its biological effects. In addition to its established anti …