Placebo and Nocebo Effects Placebo and nocebo effects (effects of patients' positive and
negative expectations) are powerful and pervasive in clinical practice. Neurobiologic …

Adverse nocebo responses can cause harm to patients and interfere with treatment
adherence and effects in both clinic practice and clinical trials. Nocebo responses refer to …

Placebo effects constitute a major part of treatment success in medical interventions. The
nocebo effect also has a major impact, as it accounts for a significant proportion of the …

The placebo effect has often been considered a nuisance in basic and particularly clinical
research. This view has gradually changed in recent years due to deeper insight into the …

Despite its initial treatment as a nuisance variable, the placebo effect is now recognized as a
powerful determinant of health across many different diseases and encounters. This is in …

Today we are witnessing a new science of placebo, a complex discipline that encompasses
several experimental approaches and translational implications. Modern neurobiological …

While the placebo effect has been studied for a long time, much less is known about its
negative counterpart, named the nocebo effect. However, it may be of particular importance …

Several studies have explored the predictability of placebo and nocebo individual
responses by investigating personality factors and expectations of pain decreases and …

Learning theory, attentional processes, social influences, and biological determinants
contribute to the development, persistence, and modification of expectancies. Psychological …

Experimental and clinical evidence from the past decades indicates that patients'
expectations about treatment benefits are crucial modulators of health and treatment …