Plants are vulnerable to a number of abiotic and biotic stresses that cause a substantial
decrease in the production of plants. Plants respond to different environmental stresses by …

Dynamic environmental changes such as extreme temperature, water scarcity and high
salinity affect plant growth, survival, and reproduction. Plants have evolved sophisticated …

Drought and waterlogging seriously affect the growth of plants and are considered severe
constraints on agricultural and forestry productivity; their frequency and degree have …

Waterlogging is one of the main abiotic stresses suffered by plants. Inhibition of aerobic
respiration during waterlogging limits energy metabolism and restricts growth and a wide …

Soil flooding creates composite and complex stress in plants known as either submergence
or waterlogging stress depending on the depth of the water table. In nature, these stresses …

Plants often live in adverse environmental conditions and are exposed to various stresses,
such as heat, cold, heavy metals, salt, radiation, poor lighting, nutrient deficiency, drought, or …

Global climate change is strongly associated with variations in precipitation and flooding
events. Flooding usually causes submergence-or partial submergence stress in plants …

Unanticipated flooding challenges plant growth and fitness in natural and agricultural
ecosystems. Here we describe mechanisms of developmental plasticity and metabolic …

Phytohormones participate in various processes over the course of a plant's lifecycle. In
addition to the five classical phytohormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid …

Globally, flooding is a major threat causing substantial yield decline of cereal crops, and is
expected to be even more serious in many parts of the world due to climatic anomaly in the …