Nausea and vomiting are common gastrointestinal complaints that can be triggered by
diverse emetic stimuli through central and/or peripheral nervous systems. Both nausea and …

Stress is defined as an adverse condition that disturbs the homeostasis of the body and
activates adaptation responses. Among the many pathways and mediators involved …

Communication between the gut and brain is critical for homeostasis, but how this
communication is represented in the dynamics of feeding circuits is unknown. Here we …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely distributed in the human body and contributes to a vast
number of physiological processes. Since its discovery, NPY has been implicated in …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a highly conserved neuropeptide with orexigenic actions in
discrete hypothalamic nuclei that plays a role in regulating energy homeostasis. NPY …

The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system is a multireceptor/multiligand system consisting of four
receptors in humans (hY1, hY2, hY4, hY5) and three agonists (NPY, PYY, PP) that activate …

Resiliency to the adverse effects of extraordinary emotional trauma on the brain varies within
the human population. Accordingly, some people cope better than others with traumatic …

Resilience to traumatic stress is a complex psychobiological process that protects
individuals from developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other untoward …

Aims/hypothesis Insulin-like peptide-5 (INSL5) is found only in distal colonic L cells, which
co-express glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY). GLP-1 is a well-known …

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-evoked syndrome, with variable
prevalence within the human population due to individual differences in coping and …