Critical features of human addiction are increasingly being incorporated into complementary
animal models, including escalation of drug intake, punished drug seeking and taking …

Compulsive drug seeking that is associated with addiction is hypothesized to follow a
heuristic framework that involves three stages (binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect …

The opioid system consists of three receptors, mu, delta, and kappa, which are activated by
endogenous opioid peptides processed from three protein precursors, proopiomelanocortin …

High rates of relapse to drug use during abstinence is a defining feature of drug addiction. In
abstinent drug users, drug relapse is often precipitated by acute exposure to the self …

Background and rationale Results from many clinical studies suggest that drug relapse and
craving are often provoked by acute exposure to the self-administered drug or related drugs …

Background Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct that has recently been recognized as a
factor contributing to enhanced vulnerability to drug abuse. Objectives In the present review …

This review updates the existing knowledge suggesting a role for the D3 receptor in
schizophrenia and drug addiction. The D3 receptor is expressed in brain regions controlling …

In our target article, we proposed that addiction could be envisioned as misperformance of a
decision-making machinery described by two systems (deliberative and habit systems) …

Cocaine exhibits prominent abuse liability, and chronic abuse can result in cocaine use
disorder with significant morbidity. Major advances have been made in delineating …

Human and animal research indicates the presence of sex differences in drug abuse. These
data suggest that females, compared to males, are more vulnerable to key phases of the …