Plants have many, highly variable resistance (R) gene loci, which provide resistance to a
variety of pathogens. The first R gene to be cloned, maize (Zea mays) Hm1, was published …

Current technology enables the production of highly specific genome modifications with
excellent efficiency and specificity. Key to this capability are targetable DNA cleavage …

Pathogenicity of most Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria depends on the type III
secretion (T3S) system, which translocates bacterial effector proteins into plant cells. Type III …

The type III secretion system with its delivered type III effectors (T3Es) is one of the main
virulence determinants of Ralstonia solanacearum, a worldwide devastating plant …

Background Ralstonia solanacearum is a soil-borne beta-proteobacterium that causes
bacterial wilt disease in many food crops and is a major problem for agriculture in …

Designer nucleases have been successfully employed to modify the genomes of various
model organisms and human cell types. While the specificity of zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) …

To successfully infect plants, pathogens secrete effector proteins to the plant apoplast or
inside plant cells, where they suppress plant immunity or interfere with other cellular …

Transcription activator‐like effectors (TALE s) from plant pathogenic Xanthomonas spp. and
the related Rip TAL s from Ralstonia solanacearum are DNA‐binding proteins with a …

The application of small amounts of natural plant growth hormones, such as gibberellins
(GAs), can increase the productivity and quality of many vegetable and fruit crops. However …

Highlights•Synthetic promoters and transcription factors are key enabling tools for plant
synthetic biology.•Type, copy number and spacing of motifs are important for synthetic …