This review describes the diffusion model for light transport in tissues and the medical
applications of diffuse light. Diffuse optics is particularly useful for measurement of tissue …

Abbreviations: ACF, aberrant crypt foci; ALA, 5-aminolevulinic acid; AIS4PC, tetrasulfonated
chloroaluminum phthalocyanine; antiCEA MoAb, anticarcinoembryonic antigen; BBC, basal …

During the development of neoplasia, epithelial tissues undergo biochemical and structural
changes that can manifest in tissue fluorescence. There have been several reports on …

We review the application of fluorescence spectroscopy and elastic-scattering spectroscopy,
over the ultraviolet-to-visible wavelength range, to minimally invasive medical diagnostics …

Non-invasive fluorescence imaging has the potential to provide in vivo diagnostic
information for many clinical specialities. Techniques have been developed over the years …

The fluorescence from a turbid medium such as biologic tissue contains information about
scattering and absorption, as well as the intrinsic fluorescence, ie, the fluorescence from an …

The lifetime of a fluorophore generally varies in different environments, making the molecule
a sensitive indicator of tissue oxygenation, pH, and glucose. However, lifetime …

When light is incident to a biological tissue surface, combinations of optical processes occur,
such as reflection, absorption, elastic and non-elastic scattering, and fluorescence. Analysis …

Diagnostic techniques based on optical spectroscopy have the potential to link the
biochemical and morphological properties of tissues to individual patient care. In particular …

2.1 Introduction e electromagnetic (EM) spectrum provides a diverse set of tools for probing,
manipulating, and interacting with biological systems. A great variety of EM phenomena are …