Many sectors, like finance, medicine, manufacturing, and education, use blockchain
applications to profit from the unique bundle of characteristics of this technology. Blockchain …

Blockchain, a decentralized validation protocol in which no one individual entity completely
controls the process or information, is labeled both a “techno tour de force” and a “fraud.” …

In this work, we provide the first comprehensive description of the Initial Coin Offering (ICO)
phenomenon, which by the end of 2017 allowed startups around the world to raise more …

A comparative study across the most widely known blockchain technologies is conducted
with a bottom-up approach. Blockchains are disentangled into building blocks. Each …

Abstract Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) are a new and unregulated form of crowdfunding that
raises funds through a blockchain by selling venture-related tokens or coins in exchange for …

Blockchains are the distributed ledger technology that powers Bitcoin and other
cryptocurrencies. But blockchains can be used for more than the transfer of tokens–they are …

Cyptographic tokens are one of the cornerstones of the new blockchain world but the
knowledge about these digital objects is still limited. In this research, we argue that crypto …

The infrastructure finance gap has long-standing implications for economic and social
development. Owing to low efficiency, high transaction costs, and long transaction time …

The birth of Bitcoin ushered in the era of cryptocurrency, which has now become a financial
market attracted extensive attention worldwide. The phenomenon of startups launching …

Blockchain technology has enabled so-called smart contracts between different parties on a
decentralized network. These self-enforceable and self-executable computerized contracts …