▪ Abstract The p21-activated kinases (PAKs) 1–3 are serine/threonine protein kinases whose
activity is stimulated by the binding of active Rac and Cdc42 GTPases. Our understanding of …

Small-molecule inhibitors of protein and lipid kinases have emerged as indispensable tools
for studying signal transduction. Despite the widespread use of these reagents, there is little …

Asymmetric cell division, which includes cell polarization and cytokinesis, is essential for
generating cell diversity during development. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae …

The establishment of cell polarity is critical for the development of many organisms and for
the function of many cell types. A large number of studies of diverse organisms from yeast to …

Septins comprise a conserved family of proteins that are found primarily in fungi and
animals. These GTP-binding proteins have several roles during cell division, cytoskeletal …

▪ Abstract All cells have the capacity to evoke appropriate and measured responses to signal
molecules (such as peptide hormones), environmental changes, and other external stimuli …

The energy-sensing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated by low nutrient levels.
Functions of AMPK, other than its role in cellular metabolism, are just beginning to emerge …

A specialized cortical domain is organized by the septins at the necks of budding yeast cells.
Recent findings suggest that this domain serves as a diffusion barrier and also as a local cell …

Assembly at the mother–bud neck of a filamentous collar containing five septins (Cdc3,
Cdc10, Cdc11, Cdc12, and Shs1) is necessary for proper morphogenesis and cytokinesis …

Cell polarization generally occurs along a single well-defined axis that is frequently
determined by environmental cues such as chemoattractant gradients or cell–cell contacts …