Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition …

The immune system plays a critical role in shaping all facets of cancer, from the early
initiation stage through to metastatic disease and resistance to therapy. Our understanding …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is characterized by the
accumulation of lipids in the liver (steatosis). In predisposed individuals, liver steatosis can …

Deregulation of angiogenesis–the growth of new blood vessels from an existing vasculature–
is a main driving force in many severe human diseases including cancer. As such, tumor …

Autophagy and inflammation are 2 fundamental biological processes involved in both
physiological and pathological conditions. Through its crucial role in maintaining cellular …

Recognition of non-self molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors is a cornerstone
of innate immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) exert a key role in recognizing pathogen …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane receptors that recognize various
pathogen-and damage-associated molecular pattern molecules playing an important role in …

Impaired macroautophagy/autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis.
However, how aberrant autophagy promotes fibrosis is far from understood. Here, we aimed …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently the third leading cause of cancer mortality and
a common poor-prognosis malignancy due to postoperative recurrence and metastasis …