In light of the outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the international
scientific community has joined forces to develop effective treatment strategies. The …

Background: The renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in inflammation
and fibrosis. The classical axis of the RAS, formed by angiotensin converting en-zyme …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has pivotal roles in the regulation of normal physiology
and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 …

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease. Immune-
mediated infiltration and a destruction of the aortic wall during AAA development plays …

At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their
effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and …

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important therapeutic target in the treatment of
hypertension. Obesity has emerged as a primary contributor to essential hypertension in the …

Wu et al The RAS and Cardiovascular Functions e109 homocysteine decreased
antihypertensive effect of enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, in chronic hypertensive patients. 61 …

Both SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccines induce robust immune responses. Current data
suggested that high neutralizing antibody titers with sustained Th1 responses might …

Abstract Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as the host entry
receptor for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has recently been extended by the addition of a novel
axis consisting of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the heptapeptide …