BCG immunotherapy is the gold-standard treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
at high risk of recurrence or progression. Preclinical and clinical studies have revealed that a …

Tuberculosis, an ancient disease of mankind, remains one of the major infectious causes of
human death. We examine newly discovered facets of tuberculosis pathogenesis and …

The granuloma, which is a compact aggregate of immune cells, is the hallmark structure of
tuberculosis. It is historically regarded as a host-protective structure that'walls off'the infecting …

So far, only members of the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia are known
to grow methanotrophically under aerobic conditions. Here we report that this metabolic trait …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) refers to a group of mycobacteria
encompassing nine members of closely related species that causes tuberculosis in animals …

The type-I interferon (IFN-α/β) response is critical to immunity against viruses and can be
triggered in many cell types by cytosolic detection of viral infection, or in differentiated …

Two billion people are latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb-infected
macrophages are likely to be sequestered inside the hypoxic environments of the …

Acute inflammation is a recognised part of normal wound healing. However, when
inflammation fails to resolve and a chronic inflammatory response is established this …

Granulomas, organized aggregates of immune cells, form in response to persistent stimuli
and are hallmarks of tuberculosis. Tuberculous granulomas have long been considered host …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a highly efficient pathogen, killing millions of infected people
annually. The capacity of M. tuberculosis to survive and cause disease is strongly correlated …