An organism's survival depends on its ability to learn about its environment and to make
adaptive decisions in the service of achieving the best possible outcomes in that …

The two leading cognitive accounts of consciousness currently available concern global
workspace (a form of working memory) and metacognition. There is relatively little …

The amount of mental effort we invest in a task is influenced by the reward we can expect if
we perform that task well. However, some of the rewards that have the greatest potential for …

While often seeming to investigate rather different problems, research into value-based
decision making and cognitive control have historically offered parallel insights into how …

Perceptual confidence is an important internal signal about the certainty of our decisions
and there is a substantial debate on how it is computed. We highlight three confidence …

Remedies to counter the impact of misinformation are in high demand, but little is known
about the neuro-cognitive consequences of untrustworthy information and how they can be …

Motor improvements, such as faster movement times or increased velocity, have been
associated with reward magnitude in deterministic contexts. Yet whether individual …

Performance monitoring and feedback processing–especially in the wake of erroneous
outcomes–represent a crucial aspect of everyday life, allowing us to deal with imminent …

Highlights•We review recent advances in endowing deep RL systems with cognitive
flexibility.•Dual-process RL unifies habit-driven System I and deliberative System II …

Psychologists have long been fascinated with understanding the nature of Aha! moments,
moments when we transition from not knowing to suddenly realizing the solution to a …