The extracellular matrix is a critical component of microbial biofilms, such as dental plaque,
maintaining the spatial arrangement of cells and coordinating cellular functions throughout …

Biofilm refers to the complex, sessile communities of microbes found either attached to a
surface or buried firmly in an extracellular matrix as aggregates. The biofilm matrix …

Over the past decade the number and variety of protein post-translational modifications that
have been detected and characterized in bacteria have rapidly increased. Most post …

The viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state has been recognized as a strategy for bacteria to
cope with stressful environments; in this state, bacteria fail to grow on routine culture …

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
remains one of the leading causes of mortality across the world. There is an urgent …

How bacteria grow and divide while retaining a defined shape is a fundamental question in
microbiology, but technological advances are now driving a new understanding of how the …

Spores of Bacillus species can remain in their dormant and resistant states for years, but
exposure to agents such as specific nutrients can cause spores' return to life within minutes …

Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis involves an asymmetric cell division followed by
differentiation into two cell types, the endospore and the mother cell. The endospore coat is …

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health threat, killing nearly 2 million individuals around
this globe, annually. The only vaccine, developed almost a century ago, provides limited …

The clinical importance of the genus Enterococcus is directly related to its antibiotic
resistance, which contributes to the risk of colonization and infection. The species of the …