The cardiac sarcomere is a triumph of biological evolution wherein myriad contractile and
regulatory proteins assemble into a quasi-crystalline lattice to serve as the central point …

Genetic cardiomyopathies have been studied for decades, and it has become increasingly
clear that these progressive diseases are more complex than originally thought. These …

Protein complexes are highly dynamic entities that display substantial diversity in their
assembly, post-translational modifications, and non-covalent interactions, allowing them to …

Cardiac muscle relaxation is an essential step in the cardiac cycle. Even when the
contraction of the heart is normal and forceful, a relaxation phase that is too slow will limit …

Familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death and a
major indicator for heart transplant. The disease is frequently caused by mutations of …

The gating pore current, also called omega current, consists of a cation leak through the
typically nonconductive voltage-sensor domain (VSD) of voltage-gated ion channels …

Voltage sensor domains (VSDs) are a feature of voltage gated ion channels (VGICs) and
voltage sensitive proteins. They are composed of four transmembrane (TM) segments (S1 …

Cardiac troponin (cTn) acts as a pivotal regulator of muscle contraction and relaxation and is
composed of three distinct subunits (cTnC: a highly conserved Ca 2+ binding subunit, cTnI …

Introduction Troponin (TNN)-encoded cardiac troponins (Tn) are critical for sensing calcium
and triggering myofilament contraction. TNN variants are associated with development of …

Genetic investigations of cardiomyopathy in the recent two decades have revealed a large
number of mutations in the genes encoding sarcomeric proteins as a cause of inherited …