Variation in pre-and post-release gamete environments can influence evolutionary
processes by altering fertilization outcomes and offspring traits. It is now widely accepted …

'Multiple drivers'(also termed 'multiple stressors') is the term used to describe the cumulative
effects of multiple environmental factors on organisms or ecosystems. Here, we consider …

Heatwaves are increasing in frequency and intensity, with substantial impacts on
ecosystems and species which maintain their function. Whether or not species are harmed …

Sexual reproduction is a fundamental process essential for species persistence, evolution,
and diversity. However, unprecedented oceanographic shifts due to climate change can …

Sea urchins are premier model organisms for the study of early development. However, the
lengthy generation times of commonly used species have precluded application of stable …

Efficient and targeted sperm motility is essential for animal reproductive success. Sperm
from mammals and echinoderms utilize a highly conserved signaling mechanism in which …

The painted urchin Lytechinus pictus is a sea urchin in the family Toxopneustidae and one
of several sea urchin species that are routinely used as an experimental research organism …

In an era of climate change, impacts on the marine environment include warming and ocean
acidification. These effects can be amplified in shallow coastal regions where conditions …

In marine organisms, differing degree of sensitivity to ocean acidification (OA) is expected for
each life stage, and disturbance at one stage can carry over into the following stage or …

Ocean acidification poses an increasing concern for broadcast spawning species that
release gametes in the water column where fertilization occurs. Indeed, the functionality of …