There is no organism in which transcription initiation is better understood than Escherichia
coli. Recent studies using genetics, biochemistry and structure analysis have revealed how …

Scanning force microscopy (SFM) has been used to study transcriptional activation of
Escherichia coli RNA polymerase· σ54 (RNAP· σ54) at the glnA promoter by the constitutive …

Multisubunit RNA polymerases are targets of sophisticated signal transduction pathways
that link environmental or temporal cues to changes in gene expression. Here we show that …

GAGA factor (GAF) is an essential protein in Drosophila melanogaster, important for the
transcriptional regulation of numerous genes. The effect of GAF on chromatin structure and …

The protein σ54 associates with Escherichia coli core RNA polymerase to form a
holoenzyme that binds promoters but is inactive in the absence of enhancer activation. Here …

The small ovary (sov) locus was identified in a female sterile screen, yet its molecular
identity and function remained a mystery for decades. In the present work, Benner et al …

Sigma 54 is a required factor for bacterial RNA polymerase to respond to enhancers and
directs a mechanism that is a hybrid between bacterial and eukaryotic transcription. Three …

The RNA polymerase sigma factor σN (σ54) is characterized by the presence, near the C‐
terminal end of the protein, of a highly conserved sequence of 10 amino acids …

The σNclass of sigma factors confer upon RNA polymerase the requirement for enhancer-
binding activator proteins. The sigma-N (σN) protein ofKlebsiella pneumoniaewas analysed …

Sigma 54 associates with bacterial core RNA polymerase and converts it into an enhancer-
responsive enzyme. Deletion of the N-terminal 40 amino acids is known to result in loss of …