The hypersensitive defence response is found in all higher plants and is characterized by a
rapid cell death at the point of pathogen ingress. It is usually associated with pathogen …

Aerobic living is thought to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are an inevitable
chemical component. They are produced exclusively in cellular compartments in aerobic …

Salinity stress deleteriously affects the growth and yield of many plants. Plant growth
promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and chitosan both play an important role in combating …

For more than 200 years, the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) has been studied for its
medicinal use in humans. However, its extensive signaling role in plants, particularly in …

The impact of stress on crop productivity and the ecosystem have been magnified by climate
changes and mispractices in the agriculture field. Soil microbiome is a diverse system …

The role of salicylic acid (SA) as a key molecule in the signal transduction pathway of biotic
stress responses has already been well described. Recent studies indicate that it also …

Failure of pathogenic fungi to breach the plant cell wall constitutes a major component of
immunity of non-host plant species—species outside the pathogen host range—and …

Fungi cause severe diseases on a broad range of crop and ornamental plants, leading to
significant economical losses. Plant pathogenic fungi exhibit a huge variability in their mode …

The plant cuticle and cell wall separate microbial pathogens from the products of plant
metabolism. While microbial pathogens try to breach these barriers for colonization, plants …

Active oxygen species (AOS) generated in response to stimuli and during development can
function as signalling molecules in eukaryotes, leading to specific downstream responses …