Vascular injury, characterized by endothelial dysfunction, structural remodelling,
inflammation and fibrosis, plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases. Cellular …

Abstract Angiotensin (Ang)-(1–7) is now recognized as a biologically active component of
the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). Ang-(1–7) appears to play a central role in the RAS …

Rationale: The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is a key regulator of the cardiovascular
system, electrolyte, and water balance. Here, we report identification and characterization of …

The last decade has seen the discovery of several new components of the renin-angiotensin
system (RAS). Among them, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and the Mas receptor …

The protease renin is the key enzyme of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade, which
is relevant under both physiological and pathophysiological settings. The kidney is the only …

Portal hypertension and bleeding from gastroesophageal varices is the major cause of
morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Portal hypertension is initiated by increased …

The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is a pivotal regulator of physiological
homeostasis and diseases of the cardiovascular system. Recently, new factors have been …

Recent data support the idea that the effects of RAS are not restricted to the cardiovascular
and renal systems. Importantly, RAS modulates free radical production and the cellular …

The two axes of the renin–angiotensin system include the classical ACE/Ang II/AT1 axis and
the counter-regulatory ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas1 axis. ACE2 is a multifunctional …

The in vivo efficacy of many therapeutic peptides is hampered by their rapid proteolytic
degradation. Cyclization of these therapeutic peptides is an excellent way to render them …