ApoE is the major lipid and cholesterol carrier in the CNS. There are three major human
polymorphisms, apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, and the genetic expression of APOE4 is one of …

During aging, the cellular milieu of the brain exhibits tell-tale signs of compromised
bioenergetics, impaired adaptive neuroplasticity and resilience, aberrant neuronal network …

Ischemic stroke, which accounts for 75–80% of all strokes, is the predominant cause of
morbidity and mortality worldwide. The post-stroke immune response has recently emerged …

Ischemic stroke is one of the significant causes of morbidity and mortality, affecting millions
of people across the globe. Cell injury in the infarct region is an inevitable consequence of …

Ischemic stroke is a main cause of cognitive neurological deficits and disability worldwide
due to a plethora of neuronal apoptosis. Unfortunately, numerous neuroprotectants for …

The immune system plays a central role in tissue repair and regeneration. Indeed, the
immune response to tissue injury is crucial in determining the speed and the outcome of the …

Neuroimmunology is one of the fastest-growing fields in the life sciences, and for good
reason; it fills the gap between two principal systems of the organism, the nervous system …

Microglia are brain resident macrophages originated from primitive progenitor cells in the
yolk sac. Microglia can be activated within hours and recruited to the lesion site …

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, characterized by degradation of BBB junctional
proteins and increased permeability, is a crucial pathophysiological feature of acute …

As a result of ischemia or hemorrhage, blood supply to neurons is disrupted which
subsequently promotes a cascade of pathophysiological responses resulting in cell loss …