Substance use and abuse begin during adolescence. Male and female adolescent humans
initiate use at comparable rates, but males increase use faster. In adulthood, more men than …

The use of tobacco products represents a major public health concern, especially among
women. Epidemiological data have consistently demonstrated that women have less …

Background Females exhibit more rapid escalation of cocaine use and enhanced cocaine-
taking behavior as compared to males. While ovarian hormones likely play a role in this …

Women are more sensitive to cocaine craving elicited by stimuli associated with relapse.
Ovarian hormones modulate cocaine craving and may therefore function as risk factors or …

Within the adult female, estrogen signaling is well-described as an integral component of the
physiologically significant hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In rodents, the timing of …

Sex steroid hormones like estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) guide the sexual
organization and activation of the developing brain and control female reproductive …

4-Iodo-2, 5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl) phenethylamine (25I-NBOMe), commonly
called “N-Bomb,” is a synthetic phenethylamine with psychedelic and entactogenic effects; it …

Rationale Women are more sensitive than men to psychostimulants and progress from initial
use to drug addiction more quickly. The mouse has been an under-utilized model to study …

Previous studies have shown that female rats exhibit different patterns of drug seeking
during multiple phases of cocaine addiction when compared with males. However, the …

Clinically, women appear to be more susceptible to certain aspects of substance use
disorders (SUDs). The steroid hormones 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (Pg) have …