Using Pacific benthic foraminiferal δ18O and Mg/Ca records, we derive a Cenozoic (66 Ma)
global mean sea level (GMSL) estimate that records evolution from an ice-free Early Eocene …

Abstract The Miocene epoch (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative
to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern …

Much of our understanding of Earth's past climate comes from the measurement of oxygen
and carbon isotope variations in deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Yet, long intervals in …

The origins and development of the arid and highly seasonal steppe-desert biome in Central
Asia, the largest of its kind in the world, remain largely unconstrained by existing records. It …

Current understanding of the long-term carbon cycle posits that Earth's climate is stabilized
by a negative feedback involving CO 2 consumption by chemical weathering of silicate …

Abstract The Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO; ca. 17–14.7 Ma) represents one of several
major interruptions in the long-term cooling trend of the past 50 my To date, the processes …

The response of the ocean overturning circulation to global warming remains controversial.
Here, we integrate a multiproxy record from International Ocean Discovery Program Site …

Reconstructing long-term continental temperature change provides the required counterpart
to age equivalent marine records and can reveal how terrestrial and marine temperatures …

Climate proxies indicate coupling between changes in atmospheric pCO 2, global
temperatures, and ice volume over much of the Cenozoic. Evidence has been presented for …

The oxygen content of the oceans is susceptible to climate change and has declined in
recent decades, with the largest effect in oxygen-deficient zones (ODZs), that is, mid-depth …