Advances in the biological sciences have led to an ongoing paradigm shift in toxicity testing
based on expanded application of high-throughput in vitro screening and in silico methods …

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare disease that develops independently of
drug dose, route, or duration of administration. Furthermore, idiosyncratic DILI is not a single …

Blood is the pipeline of the immune system. Assessing changes in transcript abundance in
blood on a genome-wide scale affords a comprehensive view of the status of the immune …

Males and females show differences in the prevalence of many major diseases that have
important inflammatory components to their etiology. These gender-specific diseases, which …

As one reflects back through the past 50 years of scientific research, a significant
accomplishment was the advance into the genomic era. Basic research scientists have …

Benzene exposure is associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic
syndromes (MDS), and probably lymphoma and childhood leukemia. Biological plausibility …

Gene expression profiling using blood samples is a valuable tool for biomarker discovery in
clinical studies. Different whole blood RNA collection and processing methods are highly …

Xenobiotics, of which many are toxic, may enter the human body through multiple routes.
Excessive human exposure to xenobiotics may exceed the body's capacity to defend against …

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an important clinical issue and a serious public health
risk. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is critical for clinical diagnosis and …

The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body and it is the main site for the
metabolism of endogenous molecules and xenobiotics. Drug-induced liver injury is one of …