SARS-CoV-2 infection is benign in most individuals but, in around 10% of cases, it triggers
hypoxaemic COVID-19 pneumonia, which leads to critical illness in around 3% of cases …

The immense interindividual clinical variability during any infection is a long-standing
enigma. Inborn errors of IFN-γ and IFN-α/β immunity underlying rare infections with weakly …

Recessive or dominant inborn errors of type I interferon (IFN) immunity can underlie critical
COVID-19 pneumonia in unvaccinated adults. The risk of COVID-19 pneumonia in …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection fatality rate (IFR)
doubles with every 5 y of age from childhood onward. Circulating autoantibodies …

The past 20 years have seen the definition of human monogenic disorders and their
autoimmune phenocopies underlying either defective or enhanced type I interferon (IFN) …

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in clinical outcomes ranging from silent or benign
infection in most individuals to critical pneumonia and death in a few. Genetic studies in …

Life-threatening “breakthrough” cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning
antibody (Ab) response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in individuals already at risk. Preexisting …

Since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, important insights
have been gained into virus biology and the host factors that modulate the human immune …

Background Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and autoantibodies to type I interferons (IFNs)
underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia in at least 15% of the patients, while the causes of …

A better understanding of COVID-19 in people with primary immunodeficiency (PI), rare
inherited defects in the immune system, is important for protecting this population, especially …