Spiders have been evolving complex and diverse repertoires of peptides in their venoms
with vast pharmacological activities for more than 300 million years. Spiders use their …

Objectives: This review presents and discusses basic science findings and scientific
evidence generated within the last 2 decades in the field of acute postoperative pain …

Covering: up to 2024Ribosomally synthesised and post-translationally modified peptides
(RiPPs) comprise a substantial group of peptide natural products exhibiting noteworthy …

In millions of years, spiders have optimized their venoms in order to assure successful prey
capture and defence against predators. Spider venoms have become unique cocktails of …

Phoneutria nigriventer is one of the largest existing true spiders and one of the few
considered medically relevant. Its venom contains several neurotoxic peptides that act on …

Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are targeted to treat pain conditions. Since the
discovery of their relation to pain processing control, they are investigated to find new …

Pain is a common symptom induced during envenomation by spiders and scorpions. Toxins
isolated from their venom have become essential tools for studying the functioning and …

Spider venoms are known to contain proteins and polypeptides that perform various
functions including antimicrobial, neurotoxic, analgesic, cytotoxic, necrotic, and …

Many cases of accidental death associated with drug overdose are due to chronic opioid
use, tolerance, and addiction. Analgesic tolerance is characterized by a decreased …

Fibromyalgia is a potentially disabling chronic disease, characterized by widespread pain
and a range of comorbidities such as hypertension. Among the mechanisms involved in …