The global obesity epidemic is a major contributor to chronic disease and disability in the
world today. Since the discovery of leptin in 1994, a multitude of studies have characterized …

Immune cell function and metabolism are closely linked. Many studies have now clearly
demonstrated that alterations in cellular metabolism influence immune cell function and that …

In the last decades, autoimmune diseases have experienced a dramatic increase in Western
countries. The involvement of environmental factors is strongly suspected to explain this rise …

Background Observational studies have reported an association between obesity, as
measured by elevated body mass index (BMI), in early adulthood and risk of multiple …

Both 25-autoimmunity and (25 (OH) D: calcifediol) and its active form, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin
D (1, 25 (OH) 2D: calcitriol), play critical roles in protecting humans from invasive pathogens …

The discovery of the archetypal adipocytokine leptin and how it regulates energy
homeostasis have represented breakthroughs in our understanding of the endocrine …

A better understanding of immune-mediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of multiple
sclerosis and the contribution of environmental risk factors toward the development of …

Abstract Purpose of Review During the last decades, obesity and autoimmune disorders
have shown a parallel significant rise in industrialized countries. This review aims at …

Importance Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is thought to influence several autoimmune
diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Anti-inflammatory effects of treatments used for …

Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that
leads to demyelination and neurodegeneration has been associated with various …