Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been recognized now for several decades as playing a
key role in reproduction and exerting functions in numerous nonreproductive tissues. In this …

The estrogen receptor (ER) pathway plays a pivotal role in breast cancer development and
progression. Endocrine therapy to block the ER pathway is highly effective, but its …

Estrogen receptors (ERs) act by regulating transcriptional processes. The classical
mechanism of ER action involves estrogen binding to receptors in the nucleus, after which …

Successful implantation is the result of reciprocal interactions between the implantation-
competent blastocyst and receptive uterus. Although various cellular aspects and molecular …

The transactivation properties of the two estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, were examined
with different ligands in the context of an estrogen response element and an AP1 element …

There is now a large body of evidence suggesting that the decline in ovarian function with
menopause is associated with spontaneous increases in proinflammatory cytokines. The …

Estrogen plays an essential physiologic role in reproduction and a pathologic one in breast
cancer. The completion of the human genome has allowed the identification of the …

The estrogen receptor is the master transcriptional regulator of breast cancer phenotype and
the archetype of a molecular therapeutic target. We mapped all estrogen receptor and RNA …

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis exerts profound, multilevel inhibitory effects on the
female reproductive system. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and CRH-induced …

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) mimic estrogen action in certain tissues
while opposing it in others. The therapeutic effectiveness of SERMs such as tamoxifen and …