The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is an specialized epithelium lying in the interface
between the neural retina and the choriocapillaris where it forms the outer blood‐retinal …

Nicotinamide, the amide form of vitamin B3 (niacin), is changed to its mononucleotide
compound with the enzyme nicotinic acide/nicotinamide adenylyl-transferase, and …

Three aquaporins are expressed in the brain. AQP4, the predominant brain water channel,
is expressed in astrocyte endfeet facing brain capillaries, perisynaptic spaces, and nodes of …

Photoreceptors and other cells of the retina consume large quantities of energy to efficiently
convert light information into a neuronal signal understandable by the brain. The necessary …

Oxidative stress significantly impacts multiple cellular pathways that can lead to the initiation
and progression of varied disorders throughout the body. It therefore becomes imperative to …

purpose. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss occurs in response to increased intraocular
pressure (IOP) and/or retinal ischemia in glaucoma and leads to impairment of vision. This …

OBJECTIVE—Erythropoietin has been recently found to be increased in the vitreous fluid
from ischemic retinal diseases such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The aims of …

Purpose.: To characterize the neuroprotective mechanisms of erythropoietin (EPO) against
the stress of glyoxal-advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in retinal neuronal cells …

Unmitigated oxidative stress can lead to diminished cellular longevity, accelerated aging,
and accumulated toxic effects for an organism. Current investigations further suggest the …

Hypoxia-induced apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is the major cause of
progressive vision loss in numerous retinal diseases, including glaucoma and diabetic …