Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis is a lung disease of unknown cause characterized by noncaseating
granulomas; the heart and nervous system may also be involved. It is often misdiagnosed; …

This mini-review summarizes the current evidence for the role of macrophage activation and
polarization in inflammation and immune response pertinent to interstitial lung disease …

The alternatively activated or M2 macrophages are immune cells with high phenotypic
heterogeneity and are governing functions at the interface of immunity, tissue homeostasis …

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major burden on global health and a leading
cause of death worldwide. The pathophysiology of this chronic disease is complex, involving …

Monocytes play a key role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) as their influx into the vessel
wall is necessary for the development of an atherosclerotic plaque. Monocytes are, however …

Macrophages are highly heterogeneous and plastic cells. They were shown to play a critical
role in all stages of atherogenesis, from the initiation to the necrotic core formation and …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, characterized by cartilage
destruction, pain and inflammation in the joints. Existing medications can provide relief from …

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology characterized by the presence of
noncaseating granulomas that can occur in any organ, most commonly the lungs. Early and …

Ferritin and increased iron stores first appeared on the list of cardiovascular risk factors more
than 30 years ago and their causal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has been …

Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease that eventually leads to death and respiratory
failure. Despite the wide range of drugs, including corticosteroids, endothelin antagonist …