Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), the most frequent autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITDs), is the
leading cause of hypothyroidism in the iodine-sufficient areas of the world. About 20–30% of …

Extracellular vesicles releasing from various types of cells contribute to intercellular
communication via delivering bio-molecules like nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids to …

Extrahepatic disease manifestations are common in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)
infection. The mechanism of HCV‐related lymphoproliferative disorders is not fully …

Cryoglobulinaemia refers to the serum presence of cryoglobulins, which are defined as
immunoglobulins that precipitate at temperatures< 37° C. Type I cryoglobulinaemia consists …

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a heterogeneous groups of diseases that occur as a results
of loss of tolerance to self antigens. While the etiopathogeneis remain obscure, different …

In the last decades, many studies conducted in vitro, and in vivo, have shown that thyroid
autoimmunity and thyroid cancer (TC)(mainly papillary TC) can be concomitant, even if the …

Interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines originally identified for their antiviral activity. IFN-
α and IFN-β are both type I IFNs that have been used to treat neurological diseases such as …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is responsible for both hepatic and extra-hepatic disorders
(HCV-EHDs); these latter are correlated on one hand clearly with HCV lymphotropism …

Context The CXC chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its chemokines CXCL10, CXCL9, and
CXCL11 are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here, we review these …

Hepatitis-C virus ribonucleic acid (HCV-RNA) recognition and quantification based on real-
time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is key to infection control, management, and …