I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

The mucus clearance system is the dominant mechanical host defense system of the human
lung. Mucus is cleared from the lung by cilia and airflow, including both two-phase gas-liquid …

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are alternative, non-combustible tobacco products that
generate an inhalable aerosol containing nicotine, flavors, propylene glycol, and vegetable …

Muco-Obstructive Lung Diseases This review covers the normal mechanisms of mucus
formation and how they are abnormal in common conditions—such as COPD, cystic fibrosis …

Standard follow-up and symptomatic treatment have allowed most patients with cystic
fibrosis to live to young adulthood. However, many patients still die prematurely from …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic
bronchitic and emphysematous components. In one biophysical model, the concentration of …

Salt and fluid absorption and secretion are two processes that are fundamental to epithelial
function and whole body fluid homeostasis, and as such are tightly regulated in epithelial …

Mucus clearance is the primary defense mechanism that protects airways from inhaled
infectious and toxic agents. In the current gel-on-liquid mucus clearance model, a mucus gel …

Background The lung microbiome of healthy individuals frequently harbors oral organisms.
Despite evidence that microaspiration is commonly associated with smoking-related lung …

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance
regulator (CFTR) gene and remains one of the most common life-shortening genetic …