Nearly half a century has passed since the discovery of cytoplasmic inheritance of human
chloramphenicol resistance. The inheritance was then revealed to take place maternally by …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently experience unpleasant symptoms.
These can be gastrointestinal (constipation, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea), psychological …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) plays a critical role in generating cellular energy in the form of
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Because energy requirements are substantially …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which mainly includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's
disease (CD), is a group of chronic bowel diseases that are characterized by abdominal …

Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may interact with the host brain and
play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the …

Recent advances highlight a pivotal role for cellular metabolism in programming immune
responses. Here, we demonstrate that cell-autonomous generation of nicotinamide adenine …

Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remain a significant health, social and
economic problem around the globe. The development of therapeutic strategies for CNS …

Depressive disorders often run in families, which, in addition to the genetic component, may
point to the microbiome as a causative agent. Here, we employed a combination of …

Sustained access to nutrients is a fundamental biological need, especially for proliferating
cells, and controlling nutrient supply is an ancient strategy to regulate cellular responses to …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and disabling psychiatric disease with rates
of non-responsiveness to antidepressants ranging from 30–50%. Historically, the …