Quinolones are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of antibacterials in the world
and are used to treat a variety of bacterial infections in humans. Because of the wide use …

DNA topoisomerases, capable of manipulating DNA topology, are ubiquitous and
indispensable for cellular survival due to the numerous roles they play during DNA …

Topoisomerases are complex molecular machines that modulate DNA topology to maintain
chromosome superstructure and integrity. Although capable of stand-alone activity in vitro …

DNA gyrase is a type II topoisomerase that can introduce negative supercoils into DNA at
the expense of ATP hydrolysis. It is essential in all bacteria but absent from higher …

DNA topoisomerases are nature's tools for resolving the unique problems of DNA
entanglement that occur owing to unwinding and rewinding of the DNA helix during …

Fluoroquinolones are an important class of wide‐spectrum antibacterial agents. The first
quinolone described was nalidixic acid, which showed a narrow spectrum of activity. The …

The quinolones trap DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV on DNA as complexes in
which the DNA is broken but constrained by protein. Early studies suggested that drug …

Quinolones are broad-spectrum synthetic antibacterial drugs first obtained during the
synthesis of chloroquine. Nalidixic acid, the prototype of quinolones, first became available …

DNA topoisomerases are enzymes that control the topology of DNA in all cells. There are
two types, I and II, classified according to whether they make transient single-or double …

DNA topoisomerases are a diverse set of essential enzymes responsible for maintaining
chromosomes in an appropriate topological state. Although they vary considerably in …