Research question The purpose of this scoping review is to explore the extant literature
devoted to elite athlete activism, advocacy, and protest. Three research questions guided …

This critical reflection tries to understand sports fandom and sports fan culture by framing it in
wider forms of fandom: music fandom and SF fandom. The reflection involves a review of key …

Using new data from the National Sports and Society Survey (N= 3993), this study first
examines the extent to which US adults recognize that sports teach love of country …

US professional athletes increasingly have engaged in athlete activism. Such actions have
elicited a wide range of responses from sport fans, calling into question whether an athlete's …

In response to a political comment from NBA superstar LeBron James, a Fox News
commentator suggested he “shut up and dribble.” James and many others considered the …

Drawing on insights from Critical Race Theory and framing theory, as well as previous
research, this study ties together and analyzes public opinions about two racialized and …

Using descriptive and multiple regression analyses of data from the National Sports and
Society Survey (N= 3,993), this study examines public opinions about athletes' right to …

Athletes have again started to take a visible stance on various political and social issues,
which has stirred fierce controversies. Existing research has a strong US bias, and, to extend …

This research aims at unpacking the discourse of “stick to sports,” which audiences and
industry wield to police social and cultural boundaries involving corporate control, race …

On June 26, 2019, US President Donald Trump took to Twitter to admonish USWNT co-
captain Megan Rapinoe. He implored her to win the tournament and to “never disrespect our …