Abstract The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the leading mode of extratropical Southern
Hemisphere climate variability, associated with changes in the strength and position of the …

A powerful influence on the weather that we experience on the ground can be exerted by the
stratosphere. This highly stratified layer of Earth's atmosphere is found 10 to 50 kilometres …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

This chapter assesses the scientific literature describing expectations for near-term climate
(present through mid-century). Unless otherwise stated," near-term" change and the …

Fundamental puzzles of climate science remain unsolved because of our limited
understanding of how clouds, circulation and climate interact. One example is our inability to …

The stratosphere, the layer of the atmosphere at heights between 10-50 km, is an important
source of variability for the weather and climate at the Earth's surface on timescales of weeks …

Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases have driven and
will continue to drive widespread climate change at the Earth's surface. But surface climate …

Observations show robust near-surface trends in Southern Hemisphere tropospheric
circulation towards the end of the twentieth century, including a poleward shift in the mid …

Regional information on climate change is urgently needed but often deemed unreliable. To
achieve credible regional climate projections, it is essential to understand underlying …

A brand new edition of the definitive textbook on humankind's impact on the Earth's
environment—now in full color This classic text explores the multitude of impacts that …