The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the feasibility of using
transparent neural interfaces in multimodal in vivo experiments on the central nervous …

Targeted optical neural stimulation comprises infrared neural stimulation and optogenetics,
which affect the nervous system through induced thermal transients and activation of light …

Background Modulation of brain circuits by electrical stimulation has led to exciting and
powerful therapies for diseases such as Parkinson's. Because human brain organization is …

Transparent microelectrode arrays enable simultaneous electrical recording and optical
imaging of neuronal networks in the brain. Electrodes made of the conducting polymer poly …

Abstract Infrared (IR) neuromodulation (INM) has been demonstrated as a novel modulation
modality of neuronal excitability. However, the effects of pulsed IR light on synaptic …

Infrared neuromodulation is an emerging technology in neuroscience that exploits the
inherent thermal sensitivity of neurons to excite or inhibit cellular activity. Since there is …

Studying animal models furthers our understanding of Parkinson's disease (PD)
pathophysiology by providing tools to investigate detailed molecular, cellular and circuit …

Optical-electrode (optrode) arrays use light to modulate excitable biological tissues and/or
transduce bioelectrical signals into the optical domain. Light offers several advantages over …

Significance An array of techniques for targeted neuromodulation is emerging, with high
potential in brain research and therapy. Calcium imaging or other forms of functional …

The holy grail for every neurophysiologist is to conclude a causal relationship between an
elementary behaviour and the function of a specific brain area or circuit. Our effort to map …