One of the most significant challenges of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research is to
understand how alterations in the symbiotic relationship between the genetic composition of …

Myocardial ischemia is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, for which reperfusion is
currently the standard intervention. However, the reperfusion may lead to further myocardial …

The mechanism that initiates autophagosome formation on the ER in multicellular organisms
is elusive. Here, we showed that autophagy stimuli trigger Ca 2+ transients on the outer …

Calcium (Ca2+) is a major second messenger in cells and is essential for the fate and
survival of all higher organisms. Different Ca2+ channels, pumps, or exchangers regulate …

Cells constantly adapt their metabolism to meet their energy needs and respond to nutrient
availability. Eukaryotes have evolved a very sophisticated system to sense low cellular ATP …

Calcium (Ca2+) functions as a second messenger that is critical in regulating fundamental
physiological functions such as cell growth/development, cell survival, neuronal …

Autophagy, a conserved catabolic process, plays an immensely significant role in a variety
of diseases. However, whether it imparts a protective function in diseases remains …

Autophagy and the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) are the two major intracellular
quality control and recycling mechanisms that are responsible for cellular homeostasis in …

Autophagy is a catabolic process for unnecessary or dysfunctional cytoplasmic contents by
lysosomal degradation pathways. Autophagy is implicated in various biological processes …

Autophagy and the ubiquitin–proteasome system are the two major quality control pathways
responsible for cellular homeostasis. As such, they provide protection against age …