In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as potent vehicles of
intercellular communication, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This is due to their capacity …

In all organisms, heat-shock proteins (HSPs) provide an ancient defense system. These
proteins act as molecular chaperones by assisting proper folding and refolding of misfolded …

Multicellular organisms suffer injury and serve as hosts for microorganisms. Therefore, they
require mechanisms to detect injury and to distinguish the self from the non-self and the …

The granzyme B-induced cell death has been traditionally viewed as a primary mechanism
that is used by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells to eliminate …

The collapse of the immune privilege (IP) of the anagen hair bulb is now accepted as a key
element in AA pathogenesis, and hair bulb IP restoration lies at the core of AA therapy. Here …

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphoid cells that actively prevent neoplastic
development, growth, and metastatic dissemination in a process called cancer …

Cancer cell death can be perceived as immunogenic by the host only when malignant cells
emit immunostimulatory signals (so-called “damage-associated molecular patterns,” …

The heat shock protein (Hsps) superfamily, also known as molecular chaperones, are highly
conserved and present in all living organisms and play vital roles in protein fate. The …

Introduction: Lung cancer is a devastating disease with poor overall survival. Despite
significant advances in the treatment of lung cancers using radiochemotherapy, targeted …

Simple Summary The intracellular heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is essential for cells to
respond to stress, for instance, by refolding damaged proteins or inhibiting apoptosis …