Chronic (continuous, non-interrupted) hypoxia and cycling (intermittent, transient) hypoxia
are two types of hypoxia occurring in malignant tumors. They are both associated with the …

The emergence of immune checkpoint blockade therapies over the last decade has
transformed cancer treatment in a wide range of tumor types. Unprecedented and durable …

The chemokine ligand CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 are implicated in the initiation and
progression of various cancers. CCL2 can activate tumour cell growth and proliferation …

Vaccination was first pioneered in the 18th century by Edward Jenner and eventually led to
the development of the smallpox vaccine and subsequently the eradication of smallpox. The …

In the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor cells are constantly evolving to reduce
neoantigen generation and the mutational burden to escape the anti-tumor response. This …

T Regulatory cells (Tregs) act as a double-edged sword by regulating immune homeostasis
(protective role) and inhibiting immune responses in different disease settings (pathological …

Simple Summary Immunotherapy improved the therapeutic landscape for patients with
advanced cancer diseases. However, many patients do not benefit from immunotherapy …

Background Orderly G2/M transition in the cell cycle is controlled by the cyclin-dependent
kinase 1/cyclin B (CDK1/CCNB) complex. We aimed to comprehensively investigate the …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are starting to transform the treatment for patients with
advanced cancer. The extensive application of these antibodies for various cancer obtains …

Immune checkpointty inhibitors (ICIs), particularly those targeting programmed death 1 (PD-
1) and anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), enhance the antitumor effect by restoring …