Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid whose effects are triggered through the
enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Due to the rapid …

A number of environmental factors have been associated with the development of IBD.
Alteration of the gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, is closely linked to initiation or progression of …

Cancers are able to grow by subverting immune suppressive pathways, to prevent the
malignant cells as being recognized as dangerous or foreign. This mechanism prevents the …

The gastrointestinal tract is a highly proliferative and regenerative tissue. The intestine also
harbors a large and diverse microbial population collectively called the gut microbiome …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) is a major clinical problem
without effective therapy and is a significant and frequent cause of morbidity and mortality …

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important metabolite involved in most of the redox
metabolism reactions and processes of the cells. H2O2 is recognized as one of the main …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are highly conserved transcription factors that are crucial for
adaptation of metazoans to limited oxygen availability. Recently, HIF activation and …

The enzymatic activities of CD39 and CD73 play strategic roles in calibrating the duration,
magnitude, and chemical nature of purinergic signals delivered to immune cells through the …

Ischemia and reperfusion–elicited tissue injury contributes to morbidity and mortality in a
wide range of pathologies, including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, acute kidney …

Cancer is a complex disease that is dictated by both cancer cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic
processes. Adenosine is an ancient extracellular signalling molecule that can regulate …