It is widely believed that fossils are of fundamental importance in reconstruct ing phylogeny
(eg 24, 28). Simpson (52, p. 83), for example, argued that" fossils provide the soundest basis …

Premise of the Study Conifers are an important living seed plant lineage with an extensive
fossil record spanning more than 300 million years. The group therefore provides an …

There have been at least ten English-language textbooks of palaeobotany since DH Scott
published the first edition of Studies inFossilBotany in 1900. Most have been written by …

We present a numerical cladistic (parsimony) analysis of seed plants plus progymnosperms,
using characters from all parts of the plant body, outgroup comparison, and a method of …

This paper introduces an integrated system of morphological concepts for gymnosperm
fructifications, which does not lean upon any system existing for other higher plants …

Abstract Hilton j.(School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of
Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK) and rm Bateman (Natural History …

Abstract Doyle, ja (Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis,
California 95616, USA). Seed ferns and the origin of angiosperms. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 133 …

A data matrix of 123 binary and multistate characters of 63 genera of conifers was
constructed based on an extensive literature review and study of herbarium and living …

Summary 1 In aggregate, past discussions of heterospory and its role in the alternation of
generations are riddled with ambiguities that reflect overlap of terms and concepts …

▪ Abstract Morphological and molecular analyses resolve many aspects of vascular plant
phylogeny, though others remain uncertain. Vascular plants are nested within bryophytes; …