Background Cocaine use disorder is associated with cognitive deficits that reflect
dysfunctional processing across neural systems. Because there are currently no approved …

The quantitative analysis of vesicular neurotransmitters in neurons in situ is paramount for
investigating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's …

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the mammalian central circadian pacemaker with
heterogeneous neurons acting in concert while each neuron harbors a self-sustained …

As a central part of the mammalian brain, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been implicated in
regulating cocaine-induced behaviors including compulsive seeking and reinstatement …

Background SHANK3 gene is a highly replicated causative gene for autism spectrum
disorder and has been well characterized in multiple Shank3 mutant rodent models. When …

Full view observation throughout entire specimens over a prolonged period is crucial when
exploring the physiological functions and system-level behaviors. Multi-photon microscopy …

Drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disease. Various addictive drugs act on the
reward circuit and eventually cause changes in the release of neurotransmitters, resulting in …

Introduction: The global crisis of illicit substance consumption, particularly cocaine, extends
beyond individual users, impacting social, cultural, and institutional levels. Cocaine use is …

The molecular mechanisms contributing to substance use disorder (SUD) have gained
significant attention in recent years. In the last decade, people have found that addiction is …

The ability to adapt to environmental rewards is crucial for survival. Animals must identify
rewards and direct their behavior to acquire them, while differentiating aversive stimuli …