The growing biopharmaceutical industry has reached a level of maturity that allows for the
monitoring of numerous key variables for both process characterization and outcome …

Large scale biopharmaceutical production of biologics relies on the overexpression of
foreign proteins by cells cultivated in stirred tank bioreactors. It is well recognized and …

It is well known that the enzyme catalyzes the first step of branched-chain amino acid
(BCAA) catabolism is branched-chain amino transferase (BCAT), which is involved in the …

In cell culture processes cell growth and metabolism drive changes in the chemical
environment of the culture. These environmental changes elicit reactor control actions, cell …

Biologics represent the fastest growing group of therapeutics, but many advanced
recombinant protein moieties remain difficult to produce. Here, we identify metabolic …

With rising global demand for food proteins and significant environmental impact associated
with conventional animal agriculture, it is important to develop sustainable alternatives to …

Effective bioprocess development using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as hosts is
hampered by the limited understanding of cellular metabolism under process conditions in …

Mammalian cells are the main tool for the production of therapeutic proteins, viruses for
gene therapy, and cells for cell therapy. In production processes cell metabolism is the main …

Fed-batch culture of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells remains the most commonly used
method for producing biopharmaceuticals. Static CHO cell-line engineering approaches …

Background Ammonia concentrations typically increase during mammalian cell cultures,
mainly due to glutamine and other amino acid consumption. An early ammonia stress …