Introduction Chronic refractory low back and lower extremity pain recalcitrant to conservative
management and epidural injections secondary to postsurgery syndrome, spinal stenosis …

Abstract Purpose of Review The growing prevalence of spinal pain in the USA continues to
produce substantial economic impact and strain on health-related quality of life …

Background: Post lumbar surgery syndrome is common and often results in chronic,
persistent pain and disability, which can lead to multiple interventions. After failure of …

The literature concerning epidurolysis in the management of epidural adhesions is
insufficient. Prospective studies, including randomized controlled trials and observational …

Objective Determine the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of fluoroscopically-or ultrasound-
guided caudal epidural steroid injections (ESIs) with or without catheter placement for the …

Low back and leg pain may be due to many causes including scarring in the epidural space.
Scar tissue often causes irritated swollen and inflamed nerves, which can cause pain …

Post-laminectomy syndrome (PLS) is characterized by chronic pain and complex
pathological entity after back surgery. An epidural adhesiolysis is considered an effective …

Percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis (PEA) is an effective treatment for patients with lumbar
radiculopathy unresponsive to single steroid injections. Various approaches and …

Background This retrospective study compares the results of 2 different techniques of
transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI)—subpedicular (SP-TFESI) and lateral …

Background Lumbar foraminal stenosis is a common cause of chronic lower back pain and
radiculopathy often treated by epidural steroid injections. In the absence of imaging findings …