The intestinal surface is constitutively exposed to diverse antigens, such as food antigens,
food-borne pathogens, and commensal microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells have developed …

Traditional cheeses produced from raw milk exhibit a complex microbiota, characterized by
a sequence of different microorganisms from milk coagulation and throughout maturation …

Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Recent observations have revealed
an association between mood disorders and alterations of the intestinal microbiota. Here …

Although much work has linked the human microbiome to specific phenotypes and lifestyle
variables, data from different projects have been challenging to integrate and the extent of …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a public health concern and is increasing in prevalence in urban
areas. Recent advances in sequencing technology have demonstrated that the development …

Many genomic studies have revealed associations between the gut microbiota composition
and host metabolism. These observations led to the idea that a causal relationship could …

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) was the first strain belonging to the genus Lactobacillus
to be patented in 1989 thanks to its ability to survive and to proliferate at gastric acid pH and …

Enthusiasm exists for the potential of diet to impact the immune system, prevent disease and
its therapeutic potential. Herein, we describe the challenge to nutrition scientists in defining …

Commensal microbes and the host immune system have been co‐evolved for mutual
regulation. Microbes regulate the host immune system, in part, by producing metabolites. A …

Mass spectrometry-and nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic studies comparing
diseased versus healthy individuals have shown that microbial metabolites are often the …